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=== Two-Ship Formations ===
=== Two-Ship Formations ===
'''<big>Two-Ship Line Abreast (2-Ship LAB)</big>'''
'''<big>Two-Ship Line Abreast (2-Ship LAB)</big>'''


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#This formation allows element members to be in position to quickly bring ordnance to bear when a threat is detected. A vertical stack of 2,000 to 5,000 feet, when applicable, minimizes the chance of simultaneous detection by a bandit.
#This formation allows element members to be in position to quickly bring ordnance to bear when a threat is detected. A vertical stack of 2,000 to 5,000 feet, when applicable, minimizes the chance of simultaneous detection by a bandit.
'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Line Abreast Left/Right.
#Lead: Flight, go Line Abreast Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.


[[File:Two-Ship LAB.png|frameless|675x675px]]
[[File:Two-Ship LAB.png|frameless|675x675px]]
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*Easy detection of formation by single threat.
*Easy detection of formation by single threat.
'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Fighting Wing Left/Right.
#Lead: Flight, go Fighting Wing Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.


[[File:Fighting Wing.png|frameless|515x515px]]
[[File:Fighting Wing.png|frameless|515x515px]]
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#The most significant disadvantage of the wedge is that it provides little to no 6 o'clock protection for the wingman. Lead changes, if required, are difficult to execute.
#The most significant disadvantage of the wedge is that it provides little to no 6 o'clock protection for the wingman. Lead changes, if required, are difficult to execute.
'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Wedge Left/Right.
#Lead: Flight, go Wedge Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.


[[File:Two-Ship Wedge.png|frameless|750x750px]]
[[File:Two-Ship Wedge.png|frameless|750x750px]]
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'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Vic.
#Lead: Flight, go Vic.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.


[[File:Three-Ship Vic.png|frameless|620x620px]]
[[File:Three-Ship Vic.png|frameless|620x620px]]
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'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Fluid.
#Lead: Flight, go Fluid.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.


[[File:Three-Ship Fluid Three.png|frameless|690x690px]]
[[File:Three-Ship Fluid Three.png|frameless|690x690px]]
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'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Spread.
#Lead: Flight, go Spread.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.


[[File:Three-Ship Spread Three.png|frameless|690x690px]]
[[File:Three-Ship Spread Three.png|frameless|690x690px]]
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'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Viper.
#Lead: Flight, go Viper.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.


[[File:Three-Ship Viper Three.png|frameless|689x689px]]
[[File:Three-Ship Viper Three.png|frameless|689x689px]]
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*Depending on position, the trailing element may be momentarily mistaken as a threat, especially if staggered too much off to one side.
*Depending on position, the trailing element may be momentarily mistaken as a threat, especially if staggered too much off to one side.
'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Box/Offset Box.
#Lead: Flight, go Box/Offset Box.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Offset Box.png|frameless|706x706px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Offset Box.png|frameless|706x706px]]
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*Cumbersome to maneuver at low altitude in rough terrain.
*Cumbersome to maneuver at low altitude in rough terrain.
'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Fluid.
#Lead: Flight, go Fluid.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Fluid Four.png|frameless|839x839px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Fluid Four.png|frameless|839x839px]]
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*Very difficult for wingmen to fly at low altitude.
*Very difficult for wingmen to fly at low altitude.
'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Fluid.
#Lead: Flight, go Fluid.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Spread Four.png|frameless|840x840px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Spread Four.png|frameless|840x840px]]
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'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Viper.
#Lead: Flight, go Viper.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Viper Four.png|frameless|840x840px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Viper Four.png|frameless|840x840px]]
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'''Brevity Call'''  
'''Brevity Call'''  
#Lead: Flight go Line Abreast.
#Lead: Flight, go Line Abreast.
#Wingman: 2.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship LAB.png|frameless|970x970px]]
[[File:Four-Ship LAB.png|frameless|970x970px]]
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===2-/3-/4-Ship Formations===
===2-/3-/4-Ship Formations===
'''Fingertip'''
'''<big>Fingertip</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Lead: Flight, go Fingertip Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Fingertip.png|frameless|640x640px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Fingertip.png|frameless|640x640px]]


'''Finger Four'''
'''<big>Finger Four</big>'''


Same as Fingertip but with more spacing up
Same as Fingertip but with more spacing up


'''Echelon'''
'''Brevity Call'''
#Lead: Flight, go Finger Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.
 
 
'''<big>Echelon</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Lead: Flight, go Echelon Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Echelon.png|frameless|730x730px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Echelon.png|frameless|730x730px]]


'''Trail'''
'''<big>Trail</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Lead: Flight, go Trail Left/Right.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


[[File:Four-Ship Trail.png|frameless|730x730px]]
[[File:Four-Ship Trail.png|frameless|730x730px]]


'''Ladder'''
'''<big>Ladder</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Lead: Flight, go Ladder.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.
 


'''Stack'''
'''<big>Stack</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Lead: Flight, go Stack.
#Wingman: 2.
#Element Lead: 3.
#Element Wingman: 4.
#In position - Wingman: 2, In position.
#In position - Element Lead: 3, In position.
#In position - Element Wingman: 4, In position.


==Manoeuvres==
==Manoeuvres==
There are two ways to initiated the manoeuvers, via Communication or via Signal.
Turns may be communicated with either the radio or visual signals. Line Abreast formations compensate for inherent maneuvering problems with specialized pre-briefed procedures. These include the type of turns to be made, the parameters at which these turns will be made, and the method by which these turns will be initiated. The turns consist of 45- to 90-degree delayed turns, in-place turns, cross turns, weaves, and check turns. The parameters for the turns are briefed by each flight leader and usually consist of the speed, “G,” and the power required in the turn. The method of turn initiation is generally by radio call, wing flash, or check turn. There are two ways to initiated the manoeuvers, via Communication or via Signal.
 
'''''Normally at Mil power and use 2 G to maintain airspeed.'''''


===Maneuvering With Unrestricted Communication===
===Maneuvering With Unrestricted Communication===
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===Two-Ship Tactical Turns===
===Two-Ship Tactical Turns===
Delayed 90° Turn


Delayed 45° Turn


Cross Turn
'''<big>Delayed 90° Turn</big>'''
'''Brevity Call'''
#Pre Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Delayed 90 Left/Right.
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Go/Now.


In Place 90


Shackle
'''<big>Delayed 45° Turn</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Pre Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Delayed 45 Left/Right.
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Go/Now.
 
 
'''<big>Cross Turn</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Pre Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Cross Turn.
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Go/Now.
 
 
'''<big>In Place 90</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Pre Maneuver - Lead: Flight, In Place 90 Left/Right.
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Go/Now.
 
 
'''<big>Shackle</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Pre Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Shackle.
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Go/Now.


===2-/3-/4-Ship Tactical Turns===
===2-/3-/4-Ship Tactical Turns===
Hook Turn
'''<big>Hook Turn</big>'''
 
'''Brevity Call'''
#Pre Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Hook Left/Right.
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Go/Now.
 
=== Multiple Maneuvers ===
 


(e.g., Flight, Cross Turn with Shackle)
[[Category:SOPs]]
[[Category:SOPs]]
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