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Formations and Manoeuvres: Difference between revisions
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Note: Formations or Manoeuvres required pilot to maintain the minimum visual between other aircraft. | Note: Formations or Manoeuvres required pilot to maintain the minimum visual between other aircraft. | ||
[[File:Falcon BMS RyGJrb7JWz crop.png|thumb|780x780px|HKVFS 3 ship Echelon (Jay, Tom, EGOIST)]] | [[File:Falcon BMS RyGJrb7JWz crop.png|thumb|780x780px|HKVFS 3 ship Echelon (Jay, Tom, EGOIST)]] | ||
= Learning objectives = | = Learning objectives = | ||
# Lead, Wingman, Element Lead, and Element Wingman Responsibilities | # Lead, Wingman, Element Lead, and Element Wingman Responsibilities | ||
# Understand why we need to use Tac Formation and Manoeuvers | # Understand why we need to use Tac Formation and Manoeuvers | ||
| Line 320: | Line 318: | ||
== Two-Ship Tactical Turns == | == Two-Ship Tactical Turns == | ||
=== '''Delayed 45° Turn''' === | === '''Delayed 45° Turn''' === | ||
'''Brevity Call''' | '''Brevity Call''' | ||
# | |||
#Initiate Maneuver - Lead: | * Left | ||
*# Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, 45 Left (320). (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer) | |||
* Right | |||
*# Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, 45 Right (320) (Now). 320 - (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer), Now - (Execute now, without "Now" mean turn when Wingmen ready) | |||
[[File:Two-Ship Delay 45 Left.png|frameless|541x541px]][[File:Two-Ship Delay 45 Right.png|frameless|541x541px]] | [[File:Two-Ship Delay 45 Left.png|frameless|541x541px]][[File:Two-Ship Delay 45 Right.png|frameless|541x541px]] | ||
=== '''Delayed 90° Turn''' === | |||
Delayed turns are calculated and executed in a fashion that allows a flight currently in “Spread” or “LAB” formation (normally 0,5-1nm distance between aircraft) to maintain the formation and distance after executing a 90° turn. The turn is executed 90° level within a briefed or standardized contract speed. In a delayed turn, the pilot on the outside of the turn always turns first. This may not be the flight- or element lead. As delayed turns require turning in towards aircraft, it is the job of the wingman to deconflict with the element lead to avoid any unsafe conditions. If doing training with two human pilots, it is best practice that the wingman must confirm the turn order from the flight-lead before executing the maneuver to make sure that both flight crews are aware of the following turn. | |||
'''Brevity Call''' | |||
* Left | |||
*# Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, 90 Left (320). (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer) | |||
* Right | |||
*# Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, 90 Right (320) (Now). 320 - (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer), Now - (Execute now, without "Now" mean turn when Wingmen ready) | |||
[[File:Two-Ship Delay 90 Left.png|frameless|541x541px]][[File:Two-Ship Delay 90 Right.png|frameless|541x541px]] | |||
=== '''Cross Turn''' === | === '''Cross Turn''' === | ||
The Cross turn start in spread/LAB formation. This turn is a synchronized maneuver at level on contract speed. That means, both airplane initiating the turn at the same time. The wingman is always responsible for deconfliction. Be aware: this turn needs an extra portion of visual deconfliction because the aircraft will come very close to each other. This turn is ideal for checking the 6 o’clock of an aircraft. | |||
'''Brevity Call''' | '''Brevity Call''' | ||
# | #Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Cross Turn (320). (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer) | ||
[[File:Two-Ship Cross.png|frameless|660x660px]] | [[File:Two-Ship Cross.png|frameless|660x660px]] | ||
=== '''In Place 90''' === | |||
This turn is a synchronized maneuver at level on contract speed starting in Spread/LAB formation. The wingman is again responsible for deconfliction. This turn is often used for a tactical recovery to homeplate. | |||
'''Brevity Call''' | '''Brevity Call''' | ||
# | #Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, In Place 90 Left/Right (320). (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer) | ||
=== '''Shackle''' === | === '''Shackle''' === | ||
A shackle is often used to switch the position of both aircraft quickly in a synchronized manner. If altitude and threat situation allow, the wingman turn below the flight-lead. Again, the wingman is responsible for deconfliction. Especially when executing a cross turn, a shackle is often used after to bring the flight back in a tighter spread/LAB formation. | |||
'''Brevity Call''' | '''Brevity Call''' | ||
# | #Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Shackle. | ||
== 2-/3-/4-Ship Tactical Turns == | == 2-/3-/4-Ship Tactical Turns == | ||
=== '''Hook Turn''' === | === '''Hook Turn''' === | ||
For the Hook turn the flight will again start in spread/LAB formation. This turn is a synchronized maneuver at level on contract speed. That means, both airplane initiating the turn at the same time. The wingman is always responsible for deconfliction. | |||
This turn is ideal for CAPs. | |||
'''Brevity Call''' | '''Brevity Call''' | ||
# | #Initiate Maneuver - Lead: Flight, Hook Left/Right (320). (Turn to heading 320° is optional, make the instruction more clearer) | ||
[[File:Two-Ship Hook.png|frameless|660x660px]] | [[File:Two-Ship Hook.png|frameless|660x660px]] | ||